The temperature difference of new energy batteries is too big
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in EVs due to their advantages of low self-discharge rate, high energy density, and environmental friendliness, etc. [12], [13], [14].Despite these advantages, temperature is one of the factors that limit the performance of batteries [15], [16], [17].It is well-known that the preferred working temperature of EV ranges from 15 °C to 35 …